Praise, reward and punishment are likely to be ineffective. They have few boundaries and can display uninhibited behaviour that can be shocking. Young people with PDA look more sociable but this is without depth. Surface sociability, but apparent lack of sense of social identity, pride or shame.Their approach is more direct than devious. This is unlike young people with ASD who may be reluctant to follow a demand, but this tends to be by ignoring or shutting out pressure in a non-social way with few direct strategies for avoidance. They may crawl underneath furniture and say that they cannot do something because they are 'stuck' and often use fantasy to withdraw, pretending to be a cat or a super hero. They may well acknowledge the demand but then can come up with a myriad of excuses as to why they cannot comply such as, "my legs won't work", "the teddy told me not to do that," etc. Young people with PDA devote themselves to resisting ordinary demands, and as their language develops this can become worse. Continues to resist and avoid ordinary demands of life.This is unlike young people with ASD who tend to lack social response and empathy, and tend to have poor body language and stereotypical behaviour. They develop strong objections to normal requests. They can be described as 'actively passive', letting things drop to the floor from their hands. Young people with PDA tend to sit on the side lines just watching what is going on. Passive early history in the first year.What are the differences between learners with PDA and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)? Unlike those with autism, learners with PDA may use social skills to manipulate these skills are, however, at a functional and logical level rather than at a deeper emotional level.This resistance appears to be a way of managing acute anxiety.A need to resist normal, everyday demands made by others.It is worth noting that strategies which are helpful for learners with autistic spectrum disorder may not be useful in cases of PDA. It is a complex, challenging and misunderstood condition that is often ignored or not even recognised by many professionals. It is a pervasive developmental disorder (meaning it affects all areas of development) and was first identified by Elizabeth Newson in 2003, although it is still not currently recognised in many tools used for diagnosing autism. I call for treating with PDA caution until good quality scientific method-based research indicates which outlook should be adopted.Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) is a developmental disorder which is distinct from autism but falls under the spectrum. Finally, PDA could be a pseudo-syndrome resulting from the simultaneous interaction between autism and common co-occurring conditions. Firstly, PDA is also conceptualised as "rebranded autism", pathologising characteristics not assessed in an autism diagnosis. This short paper describes the four main worldviews on PDA besides it being an autism spectrum disorder. Thus, there are competing divergent schools of thought on how to view PDA. Presently, there is much controversy surrounding PDA, partly because there is no conclusive evidence to indicate which features comprise PDA, and how it should be conceptualised. Is characterised by persistence avoidance of ordinary demands by non-autistic society, with persons frequently displaying social avoidance behaviours which can be considered "manipulative" or "strategic". Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) is a proposed Disorder, which is sometimes viewed to be an autism spectrum disorder.
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